CLI script to programmatically replace SSL certs on Synology NAS

replace_synology_ssl_certs.sh

#!/bin/bash
#
# *** For DSM v7.x ***
#
# How to use this script:
#  1. Get your 3 PEM files ready to copy over from your local machine/update server (privkey.pem, fullchain.pem, cert.pem)
#     and put into a directory (this will be $CERT_DIRECTORY).
#     Personally, I use this script (https://gist.github.com/catchdave/3f6f412bbf0f0cec32469fb0c9747295) to automate steps 1 & 4.
#  2. Ensure you have a user setup on synology that has ssh access (and ssh access is setup).
#     This user will need to be able to sudo as root (i.e. add this line to sudoers, <USER> is the user you create):
#       <USER> ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /var/services/homes/<USER>/replace_certs.sh
#  3. Copy this script to Synology: sudo scp replace_synology_ssl_certs.sh $USER@$SYNOLOGY_SERVER:~/
#  4. Call this script as follows:
#     sudo bash -c scp ${CERT_DIRECTORY}/{privkey,fullchain,cert}.pem $USER@$SYNOLOGY_SERVER:/tmp/ \
#     && ssh $USER@$SYNOLOGY_SERVER 'sudo ./replace_synology_ssl_certs.sh'

# Script start.

DEBUG=  # Set to any non-empty value to turn on debug mode
error_exit() { echo "[ERROR] $1"; exit 1; }
warn() { echo "[WARN ] $1"; }
info() { echo "[INFO ] $1"; }
debug() { [[ "${DEBUG}" ]] && echo "[DEBUG ] $1"; }

# 1. Initialization
# =================
[[ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]] && error_exit "Please run as root"  # Script only works as root

certs_src_dir="/usr/syno/etc/certificate/system/default"
services_to_restart=("nmbd" "avahi" "ldap-server")
packages_to_restart=("ScsiTarget" "SynologyDrive" "WebDAVServer" "ActiveBackup")
target_cert_dirs=(
    "/usr/syno/etc/certificate/system/FQDN"
    "/usr/local/etc/certificate/ScsiTarget/pkg-scsi-plugin-server/"
    "/usr/local/etc/certificate/SynologyDrive/SynologyDrive/"
    "/usr/local/etc/certificate/WebDAVServer/webdav/"
    "/usr/local/etc/certificate/ActiveBackup/ActiveBackup/"
    "/usr/syno/etc/certificate/smbftpd/ftpd/")

# Add the default directory
default_dir_name=$(</usr/syno/etc/certificate/_archive/DEFAULT)
if [[ -n "$default_dir_name" ]]; then
    target_cert_dirs+=("/usr/syno/etc/certificate/_archive/${default_dir_name}")
    debug "Default cert directory found: '/usr/syno/etc/certificate/_archive/${default_dir_name}'"
else
    warn "No default directory found. Probably unusual? Check: 'cat /usr/syno/etc/certificate/_archive/DEFAULT'"
fi

# Add reverse proxy app directories
for proxy in /usr/syno/etc/certificate/ReverseProxy/*/; do
    debug "Found proxy dir: ${proxy}"
    target_cert_dirs+=("${proxy}")
done

[[ "${DEBUG}" ]] && set -x

# 2. Move and chown certificates from /tmp to default directory
# =============================================================
mv /tmp/{privkey,fullchain,cert}.pem "${certs_src_dir}/" || error_exit "Halting because of error moving files"
chown root:root "${certs_src_dir}/"{privkey,fullchain,cert}.pem || error_exit "Halting because of error chowning files"
info "Certs moved from /tmp & chowned."

# 3. Copy certificates to target directories if they exist
# ========================================================
for target_dir in "${target_cert_dirs[@]}"; do
    if [[ ! -d "$target_dir" ]]; then
      debug "Target cert directory '$target_dir' not found, skipping..."
      continue
    fi

    info "Copying certificates to '$target_dir'"
    if ! (cp "${certs_src_dir}/"{privkey,fullchain,cert}.pem "$target_dir/" && \
        chown root:root "$target_dir/"{privkey,fullchain,cert}.pem); then
          warn "Error copying or chowning certs to ${target_dir}"
    fi
done

# 4. Restart services & packages
# ==============================
info "Rebooting all the things..."
for service in "${services_to_restart[@]}"; do
    /usr/syno/bin/synosystemctl restart "$service"
done
for package in "${packages_to_restart[@]}"; do  # Restart packages that are installed & turned on
    /usr/syno/bin/synopkg is_onoff "$package" 1>/dev/null && /usr/syno/bin/synopkg restart "$package"
done

# Faster ngnix restart (if certs don't appear to be refreshing, change to synosystemctl
if ! (/usr/syno/bin/synow3tool --gen-all && sudo systemctl reload nginx); then
    warn "nginx failed to restart"
fi

info "Completed"

I am not sure—this was the easiest method to make sure everything works. Feel free to experiment :)

You definitely need to restart any web servers serving the cert (so nginx at least).

Is it necessary to reboot all the services?

It's not, unless you have a service specifically that seems to need it.

For me, simply running:
/usr/syno/bin/synow3tool --gen-all
/usr/syno/bin/synow3tool --nginx=reload
and /usr/syno/bin/synow3tool --restart-dsm-service

...refreshes certs for DSM and Reverse Proxy setups with no need to bounce apps (like docker, which takes a long time and is disruptive if runnning network services in containers)

I use Caddy Web Server as my reverse proxy running inside Container Manager (Docker) on my Synology DSM. Caddy is also great as a certificate manager.

Inspired by you and your code (all of you here), I wrote my own script synology-cert-deploy.sh which takes only the private key and full certificate chain files as input, since those are the only two TLS files coming from Caddy, and deploys them to Synology DSM. As long as it has the new private key and full chain, it can extract all the remaining files from these two files.

On DSM 7.2-64570 Update 1, the script will update the certificates (as verified by the Certificate tab of the Security applet in the Control Panel), but fail to restart the DSM webserver which runs on port 5001 for me.

Manually issuing the /usr/syno/bin/synow3tool --nginx=reload command seemed to do the trick, though.

Hi,
I installed this script and when running it everything seems fine.
The certificate in the control panel is updated. But when browsing to the DSM webserver on port 5001 it keeps showing the old certificate.
I already rebooted the device, but keeps showing the old certificate.

What am I missing?

Thanks.

@Daermegil check in the Certificates pane in DSM and see if you have one certificate set up, and make sure it's this one. It is possible to have multiples and assign a different one to DSM.

@telnetdoogie thank you for your quick reply.
I do have 2 certificates, one is my actual certificate. The other one is for quickconnect, but I can't delete that one. I also don't think it is the one causing problems.

But I think I see the problem. The certificate I'm using is RSA, but the old one from synology is RSA/ECC. The webserver is probally using ECC I guess, because the file ECC-cert.pem is still my old certificate. I'm just going to reset the certificates and readd them. But I have reached my request limit so I'll have to wait a bit.

@Daermegil RSA is fine; that's what I'm using too... I did see in my notes that I needed to manually import the LE certificates into DSM before the automation worked reliably.
When you're prompted for Private Key that's the privkey.pem file. When you're prompted for the Certificate that's cert.pem. When prompted for the Intermediate Certificate that's fullchain.pem.

DSM does accept certs without adding the intermediate cert, but it causes some things to fail.

Try manually adding those and see if that works for you. Once the manual add works, the automation should also work.

I think from my memory, if you upload the wrong files (and it'll still appear to work sometimes) in the wrong inputs, it will actually rename things on the filesystem but when the automation works, it's now updating the wrong files. I'm not stating that right but I definitely had some weirdness early on because I wasn't providing the Intermediate cert; instead I was using fullchain.pem as the Certificate file, which gave me issues with VPN, for example.

@telnetdoogie I added a RSA only certificate and replaced it using the script, everything seems to work brilliantly now!
Thanks for the help!

This appears to miss all "WebStation" pages for me.
I added

# Add WebStation directories
for webstation in /usr/local/etc/certificate/WebStation/*/; do
    debug "Found WebStation dir: ${webstation}"
    target_cert_dirs+=("${webstation}")
done

But those then weren't re"compiled" into the correct folders nginx uses, so I wrote

# somehow WebStation ends up not getting applied later, so lets manually do it (if it works later it will simply get overwritten)
for ws in /usr/syno/etc/www/certificate/WebStation_*/; do
    info "Copying WebStation certificates to '$ws'"
    ws_crt=$( grep -o "$ws"cert.conf -Pe '(?<=ssl_certificate\s)\s*.*(?=;$)' | xargs )
    ws_key=$( grep -o "$ws"cert.conf -Pe '(?<=ssl_certificate_key\s)\s*.*(?=;$)' | xargs )
    ln -f "${certs_src_dir}/"fullchain.pem "$ws_crt"
    ln -f "${certs_src_dir}/"privkey.pem "$ws_key"
done

which appears to be sufficient. I still had to add nginx -s reload to get changes to show up.

Is this really the only way to do this?

---

In the process I grepped through my /usr and also saw my cert ended up in /usr/local/etc/certificate/LogCenter/pkg-LogCenter/ somehow, so it might be good to add that path as

target_cert_dirs=(
    [...]
    "/usr/local/etc/certificate/LogCenter/pkg-LogCenter/")

# Faster ngnix restart (if certs don't appear to be refreshing, change to synosystemctl
if ! /usr/syno/bin/synow3tool --gen-all && sudo systemctl reload nginx; then
    warn "nginx failed to restart"
fi

The above lines should change to

if ! /usr/syno/bin/synow3tool --gen-all; then
    warn "nginx failed to generate config"
fi

info "Restart nginx"
# Faster ngnix restart (if certs don't appear to be refreshing, change to systemctl restart)
systemctl reload nginx

Otherwise, systemctl reload nginx will not be executed.

Otherwise, systemctl reload nginx will not be executed.

@xiaozhuai: I'm not sure I understand how the above is true (or why you want to separate out the two commands). The intent is that we do not restart if the certs did not generate correctly and instead issue a warning.

systemctl reload nginx will be executed if and only if the synow3tool --gen-all command is executed correctly, which is the intent of the original code.
Could you provide an example where this does not work as intended?

Could you provide an example where this does not work as intended?

@catchdave
That's odd.
I try this script on my machine last time and foud the second command never exec.
And I'm sure the /usr/syno/bin/synow3tool --gen-all is ok.

---

Confirmed, the script is wrong. You can try below.

#!/usr/bin/env bash

if ! true && echo "Good"; then
    echo "Not good"
fi

It prints nothing.
It should be

#!/usr/bin/env bash

if ! (true && echo "Good"); then
    echo "Not good"
fi

And it prints Good.

So the script should change to

# Faster ngnix restart (if certs don't appear to be refreshing, change to systemctl restart)
if ! (/usr/syno/bin/synow3tool --gen-all && systemctl reload nginx); then
    warn "nginx failed to restart"
fi

Thanks --you are right, it should have parenthesis! I updated the script. Appreciate the suggestion, @xiaozhuai

Hello @catchdave. Nice script! I want to test it. But I have DS218+ where in all certs directories are not just 3 files which is copied by your script.
There are these structure:

cert.pem  chain.pem  fullchain.pem  info  privkey.pem  root.pem  short-chain.pem

I can create cert.pem chain.pem fullchain.pem privkey.pem
But I haven't idea about root.pem short-chain.pem.

Do you have same structure? Or is it something new? How to solve it? Thx for info.

@raven2cz my advice is to initially manually add your LE cert and make it default. Through the DSM interface, the mapping of LE generated files is:

       	Private Key ---------------> privkey.pem
       	Certificate ---------------> cert.pem
	Intermediate Certificate --> fullchain.pem

Once that's done and the LE cert is now your default certificate, the script should work fine.

Great script. You may also be interested in my old scripts for managing certificates also for other apps like MailStation and co. Recently I added also synow3tool call to be able to reload nginx properly in DSM7. This script presents jsut a slightly different approach and was mainly developed for DSM6. If you have a reliable way of reloading services in the absence of /usr/local/libexec/certificate.d/$subscriber in DSM7 I would really appreciate